Algeria Map: Geographical and Demographic Information

What You Need to Know About Algeria

Algeria is a country in North Africa belonging to the Maghreb. Officially called the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria (PDRA), it is organized as a unitary constitutional republic with a semi-presidential system.

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The official languages are Arabic and Tamazight.

• The capital is Algiers,
• the other major cities are Oran, Constantine, and Annaba.

With an area of 2,381,741 km², Algeria is the largest country in Africa and the 10th largest in the world.
Its population is estimated at about 46.5 million inhabitants in 2025, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.

The international telephone code for Algeria is +213 (00213).

Algeria: Geographical and Demographic Information

Element	Key Information
Total Area	2,381,741 km² (largest country in Africa)
Capital	Algiers
Bordering Countries	Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Libya, Tunisia
Coastline	~1,200 km on the Mediterranean Sea
Estimated Population	~46 million inhabitants (2025)
Population Density	~19 inhabitants/km²
Relief	Atlas Mountains in the north, High Plateaus, Sahara in the south
Climate	Mediterranean in the north, desert in the south
Official Language	Arabic, Berber
Economic Resources	Oil, gas, minerals, agriculture
Special Feature	Bridge country between the Mediterranean and Sahara, occupying a strategic position

Additional Points on the Map of Algeria

• Algeria is the largest country in Africa and the Mediterranean basin.
• The physical map shows a marked contrast: Atlas Mountains and fertile coastline in the north, vast deserts in the south.
• Its capital, Algiers, is a port metropolis on the Mediterranean.
• The country shares borders with seven African states: Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara.
• The demographic map reveals a population concentrated in the north, with the Sahara almost empty.

Countries Bordering Algeria

The map of Algeria illustrates a vast country in North Africa, bordered by Tunisia and Libya to the east, Morocco and Mauritania to the west, as well as Mali and Niger to the south. With a Mediterranean coastline and a vast Sahara, Algeria occupies a strategic position in Africa.

Algeria is also adjacent to the Sahara Desert which borders it to the West. In total, Algeria’s borders measure 6,386 km.

The colors of Algeria

The flag of Algeria is a rectangular flag divided into two colors with green on the hoist side and white on the other side. In the middle of the two colors, there is a crescent moon and a star, both colored red.

The star and crescent moon symbolize Islam but the red color represents the blood shed by the martyrs during the struggle for independence. White represents peace and green represents the land and sharing with neighbors.

Map of the best cities in Algeria

Constantine

It is a famous city located in the northern section of the country. The city’s boundaries result from a rocky outcrop that created a kind of natural shelter making the city enclosed around low massifs. Known especially for its great influence in the economy, politics, and culture of the city, Constantine offers more cultural than physical attractions. Indeed, it is the birthplace of Arab-Andalusian music as well as the gathering place for actors and artists from around the world.

Oran

The city of Oran is a port city with a fascinating history and lively neighborhoods. It is a city especially famous for its musical culture and its bay which offers tourists a breathtaking view and an unprecedented opportunity for discovery. Stroll along the narrow alleys of Oran and visit architectures reflecting the Spanish domination of the past as well as the influence of French civilization. The old and new city each offer unique attractions and monuments reflecting Algeria’s journey through multiple cultures.

Algiers

The country’s capital is marked by the presence of two highly appreciated mosques. The city also has a waterfront overlooking the Mediterranean. Moreover, the city displays a decor mixing modern and ancient architecture. You will see an architectural contrast including avenues built in the French style as well as charming cottages all bordered by classic Islamic buildings. Among these ancient Islamic structures is the Kasbah. Also, don’t forget to visit the bay of Algiers as well as the labyrinthine streets.

Financial Map of Algeria

Algeria’s economy is based on industrial projects as well as the development of infrastructure (roads, metro, universities, etc.). This facilitates trade and the transportation of industrial products.

Currently, the oil industry plays a very important role and represents a high percentage of the GDP. The state also contributes to subsidizing the country’s SMEs, which has boosted the Algerian economy. Here are some economic data:

• Current currency: Algerian Dinar
• Nominal GDP: 180.69 billion USD
• GDP (PPP): 509.4 billion USD
• Annual GDP growth rate: 2.3%
• GDP per capita (PPP): 15,200 USD
• Inflation rate: 5.6%
• Population below the poverty line: 23%
• HDI: 0.759
• Unemployment rate: 11.4%
• Active population: 29.3%

Climate Map of Algeria

Given Algeria’s size, its climate is divided into three different types, notably the Mediterranean climate, the moderate continental climate, and the desert climate (Sahara).

In the coastal area, the climate is Mediterranean. This translates into milder winters but with frequent precipitation. Summer, on the other hand, is hot and dry. Annual rainfall is 400 mm and can reach 800 mm towards the center. Average temperatures in the coastal regions are 11°C in winter and 26°C in summer.

The mountainous regions are colder in winter, averaging 5.5°C. In summer, temperatures hover around 26°C on average. The desert territory displays a dry climate and high temperatures even in winter. Winter is mild with temperatures between 10 and 12°C, summer is quite hot with temperatures ranging from 27 to 32°C.

Demographic and Administrative Map of Algeria

Demographics

Currently, the population of Algeria stands at 43,900,000 inhabitants with a demographic growth rate of 1.93%. The country’s fertility rate is 3 children per woman, and the mortality and birth rates are respectively 0.44% and 2.38%.

The life expectancy of an Algerian at birth is 77.5 years, including 76.1 years for men and 79.1 years for women. The male/female sex ratio currently stands at 103%. Algerians are mainly composed of Arabo-Berbers or Hamito-Semitic peoples at 99%, and the remaining 1% consists of Sub-Saharan Africans, Chinese, etc.

Administrative division

Algeria is subdivided into 48 provinces or Wilayas; these provinces are divided into 160 sub-prefectures, which in turn are divided into 1,541 municipalities. According to the European system, the country is composed of departments divided into districts, which are then divided into communes. Here are the provinces of Algeria:

Demolinguistic Data of Algeria

The two main ethnic groups constituting the Algerian population are the Berbers and the Arabs. The dialectal varieties spoken in the country are:

• Algerian Arabic (60%)
• Kabyle (9.4%)
• Hassaniyya (5.9%)
• Chaouia (5.3%)
• Hassaniyya (4.0%)
• Tamazight (3.7%)
• Algerian Arabic (3.1%)
• Tachelhit (1.9%)
• Tachelhit (0.7%)
• Tumzabt (0.7%)
• Hassaniyya (0.6%)

FAQ – Algeria map: 3 questions